Powers and Functions of the President of India

Executive Powers: Under Article 53, executive power of the Union is vested in the President. He appoints the Prime Minister, Union Ministers and other key constitutional authorities.

Administrative Powers: Under Article 77, the President makes rules for the convenient transaction of Union government business and allocation of work among ministers.

Judicial Powers: The President appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts as per the constitutional process and can seek the Supreme Court’s opinion under Article 143. He also exercises clemency powers under Article 72.

Legislative Powers: The President summons and prorogues Parliament, can dissolve the Lok Sabha, addresses Parliament, nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha and gives assent to Bills.

Ordinance and Financial Powers: Under Article 123, the President can promulgate Ordinances when Parliament is not in session. He also causes the Union Budget to be laid before Parliament and recommends certain financial proposals.

Diplomatic and Military Powers: Represents India internationally, appoints and receives diplomatic representatives and serves as the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces under Article 53.

Emergency Powers: Can proclaim National Emergency (Article 352), President’s Rule (Article 356) and Financial Emergency (Article 360), subject to constitutional safeguards.

With reference to the powers and functions of the President of India, consider the following statements:

  1. The President can promulgate Ordinances when Parliament is not in session.
  2. The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha.
  3. The President can seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on questions of law or fact.
  4. The President can proclaim a Financial Emergency under Article 360.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 1 and 4 only

(c) 2, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: (d)