Read below given Passage

Accountability, or the lack of it, in governance generally, and civil services, in particular, is a major factor underlying the deficiencies in governance and public administration. Designing an effective framework for accountability has been a key element of the reform agenda. A fundamental issue is whether civil services should be accountable to the political executive of the day or to society at large. In other words, how should internal and external accountability be reconciled? Internal accountability is sought to be achieved by internal performance monitoring, official supervision by bodies like the Central Vigilance Commission and Comptroller and Auditor General, and judicial review of executive decisions. Articles 311 and 312 of the Indian Constitution provide job security and safeguards to the civil services, especially the All India Services. The framers of the Constitution had envisaged that provision of these safeguards would result in a civil service that is not totally subservient to the political executive but will have the strength to function in larger public interest. The need to balance internal and external accountability is thus built into the Constitution. The issue is where to draw the line. Over the years, the emphasis seems to have tilted in favour of greater internal accountability of the civil services to the political leaders of the day who in turn are expected to be externally accountable to the society at large through the election process. This system for seeking accountability to society has not worked out, and has led to several adverse consequences for governance.

Some special measures can be considered for improving accountability in civil services. Provisions of articles 311 and 312 should be reviewed and laws and regulations framed to ensure external accountability of civil services. The proposed Civil Services Bill seeks to address some of these requirements. The respective roles of professional civil services and the political executive should be defined so that professional managerial functions and management of civil services are depoliticized. For this purpose, effective statutory civil service boards should be created at the centre and in the states. Decentralization and devolution of authority to bring government and decision making closer to the people also helps to enhance accountability.

1. According to the passage, which of the following factor/factors led to the adverse consequences for governance/public administration ?

1. Inability of civil services to strike a balance between internal and external accountabilities

2. Lack of sufficient professional training to the officers of All India Services

3. Lack of proper service benefits in civil services

4. Lack of Constitutional provisions to define the respective roles of professional civil services vis-a-vis political executive in this context

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 4 only

(d) 2, 3 and 4

Ans: C

2. With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Political executive is an obstacle to the accountability of the civil services to the society

2. In the present framework of Indian polity, the political executive is no longer accountable to the society

Which of these assumptions is/are valid ?

(a) I only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: A

3. Which one of the following is the essential message implied by this passage?

(a) Civil services are not accountable to the society they are serving

(b) Educated and enlightened persons are not taking up political leadership

(c) The framers of the Constitution did not envisage the problems being encountered by the civil services

(d) There is a need and scope for reforms to improve the accountability of civil services

Ans: D

4. According to the passage, which one of the following is not a means of enhancing internal accountability of civil services ?

(a) Better job security and safeguards

(b) Supervision by Central Vigilance Commission

(c) Judicial review of executive decisions

(d) Seeking accountability through enhanced participation by people in decision making process

Ans: D

5. A ate grapes and pineapple; B ate grapes and oranges; C ate oranges, pineapple and apple; D ate grapes, apple and pineapple. After taking fruits, B and C fell sick.

 In the light of the above facts, it can be said that the cause of sickness was:

(a) Apple

(b) Pineapple

(c) Grapes

(d) Oranges

Ans: D

6. Consider the following statements:

1. The rate of population growth is increasing in the country

2. The death rate is declining faster in the country compared to birth rate

3. The birth rate is declining faster in the country compared to death rate

4. Rural-urban migration is taking place regularly in the country

Which one of the following conclusions may be true in the light of the above facts ?

(a) The rate of population growth is increasing due to rural-urban migration

(b) The rate of population growth is increasing due to decline in death rate only

(c) The rate of population growth is increasing due to increase in birth rate only

(d) The rate of population growth is increasing due to faster decline in death rate than in birth rate

Ans: D

7. A person X was driving in a place where all roads ran either north-south or east-west, forming a grid. Roads are at a distance of 1 km from each other in a parallel. He started at the intersection of two roads, drove 3 km north, 3 km west and 4 km south. Which further route could bring him back to his starting point, if the same route is not repeated ?

(a) 3 km east, then 2 km south

(b) 3 km east, then 1 km north

(c) 1 km north, then 2 km west

(d) 3 km south, then 1 km north

Ans: B